ABS plastic is a ternary copolymer composed of acrylonitrile (A), butadiene (B), and styrene (S). It integrates the properties of these three components: acrylonitrile provides high hardness, strength, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance; butadiene offers impact resistance and toughness; and styrene contributes to high surface gloss, ease of coloring, and processability. The characteristics of these three components make ABS plastic a thermoplastic with excellent comprehensive properties, described as "strong, tough, and rigid." By adjusting the ratio of the three components, the properties of ABS can be tailored to meet various application requirements, such as high-impact ABS, heat-resistant ABS, and high-gloss ABS. ABS plastic has excellent processability and can be formed using methods such as injection molding, extrusion, and thermoforming. It can also be mechanically processed by sawing, drilling, filing, and grinding, bonded with organic solvents like chloroform, and subjected to surface treatments such as painting and electroplating. ABS plastic is also an ideal substitute for wood and a valuable construction material. It is characterized by high strength, lightweight, high surface hardness, smoothness, ease of cleaning, dimensional stability, and good creep resistance, making it suitable for electroplating materials. Its application fields continue to expand. ABS plastic is widely used in industry. Injection-molded ABS products are commonly used to make casings, boxes, components, and toys. Extruded products include sheets, rods, and pipes, which can be further processed through hot pressing, laminating, and modeling.
The structure of ABS resin includes graft copolymers with elastomers as the main chain and graft copolymers with rigid ABS resin as the main chain, or a mixture of rubber elastomers and rigid ABS resin. As a result, different structures exhibit distinct properties: elastomers demonstrate the toughness of rubber, while rigid ABS resin exhibits rigidity, yielding varieties such as high-impact, medium-impact, general-purpose impact, and special-impact types. Specifically, as the content of the rubber component B (generally 5%~30%) increases, the resin's elasticity and impact resistance improve; however, tensile strength, fluidity, and weather resistance decrease. Increasing the content of the resin component AS (generally 70%~95%) enhances surface gloss, mechanical strength, weather resistance, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, electrical properties, and processability, while impact strength decreases. The ratio of components A to B in the resin is typically 30%~35% to 80%~65%, respectively.
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