In the 1930s, American chemist Wallace Carothers created the world's first synthetic fiber, PA66, which was insoluble in common solvents and had a melting point higher than everyday ironing temperatures. In terms of appearance, structure, and properties, it closely resembled natural silk, while its wear resistance and strength surpassed any fiber available at the time. Its introduction caused a sensation in the textile industry.
Later, people began to refer to synthetic fibers with protein-like chemical structures, known for their wear resistance and flexibility, as nylon.
Because the reactants were immiscible, the reaction occurred at the interface. One reactant, hexamethylenediamine, was dissolved in water, while the other, sebacoyl chloride, was dissolved in an organic solvent. When the two came into contact, a polymer film formed at the interface. As the experimenter continuously stretched the film, the reaction continued at the interface, resulting in the formation of a long, thin nylon rope.
Nylon is often used in gears, bushings, and plastic bearings due to its inherent low friction properties. While it is not the smoothest plastic, its excellent mechanical properties, chemical stability, and thermal performance make it an ideal choice for components subject to wear.
Bio-based nylon PA610, as a material for gears, offers advantages such as lightweight, fatigue resistance, shock absorption, and good self-lubrication. These properties make it particularly suitable for applications requiring durability and performance under mechanical stress.
For parts that are sensitive to contamination by lubricants or where frequent lubrication is impractical, cast nylon gears are an excellent choice. They do not damage the corresponding gears or connected components and operate with low noise, making them highly effective in industries such as textiles, papermaking, printing, and machinery.
Nylon gears are typically made from MC nylon (cast nylon) or PA nylon (injection-molded nylon).
MC nylon, also known as oil-filled nylon, offers high mechanical strength, excellent wear resistance, corrosion resistance, aging resistance, self-lubrication, lightweight properties, and noise and vibration damping.
The comprehensive mechanical properties of nylon far surpass those of general engineering plastics, making it an ideal material to replace copper, stainless steel, and other non-ferrous metals.
Nylon is widely used in applications that require both plastic properties and high melting temperatures. Additionally, nylon has many variants, created by combining different materials to achieve plastics with varying properties. Here are some examples:
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